Koshan, J. (2020, July 13). COVID-19, domestic violence and technology-facilitated abuse. University of Calgary: Faculty of Law.
Introduction: On 27 May 2020, UN Women launched the “shadow pandemic” public awareness campaign, drawing attention to the global spike in domestic violence linked to COVID-19. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, describes the idea of a shadow pandemic as follows: “Even before the [COVID-19] pandemic, violence against women was one of the most widespread violations of human rights. Since lockdown restrictions, domestic violence has multiplied, spreading across the world in a shadow pandemic.” Read the full article here: COVID-19, Domestic Violence, and Technology-Facilitated Abuse | (ablawg.ca)
0 Comments
Cross, P. (2013). When Shared Parenting and the Safety of Women and Children Collide. Luke’s Place Support and Resource Centre
Introduction This paper explores this topic from an experience-based perspective: my work as a family law lawyer representing women who had experienced abuse and my work at the systemic level as a community researcher, educator and advocate, working with frontline workers who support women involved with family court after leaving abusive relationships. It reflects the stories and lived experiences of hundreds of women that I have encountered either directly or through their legal support workers. Read the full report here: Microsoft Word - FINAL - Shared Parenting - September 2016.docx (lukesplace.ca) Drozd, L. M., Deustch, R. M., Robin, M., & Donner, D. A. (2020). Parenting coordination in cases involving intimate partner violence. Family Court Review, 58(3), 774-792. DOI: 10.1111/fcre.12512
Abstract Parenting Coordination is a “hybrid legal‐mental health role that combines assessment, education, case management, conflict management, dispute resolution and, often times, decision‐making functions (AFCC, 2019, https://www.afccnet.org/Portals/0/PublicDocuments/Guidelines%20for%20PC%20with%20Appendex.pdf?ver=2020-01-30-190220-990). This article addresses issues that arise when the case has allegations or findings of intimate partner violence (IPV). Considerations of the type of IPV, the severity, timing, perpetrator and effects on coparenting are discussed in the context of the parenting coordinator's role. Through screening and assessment, we differentiate the kinds of cases with the presence of IPV where a PC may be effective as opposed to other IPV cases that may not predict success for retaining a PC. Request a full-text copy of the article here: Parenting Coordination In Cases Involving Intimate Partner Violence (researchgate.net) McClure, M. M., & Parmenter, M. (2017). Childhood trauma, trait anxiety, and anxious attachment as predictors of intimate partner violence in college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(23-24). DOI: 10.1177/0886260517721894
Abstract: The current study investigates the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood trauma, trait anxiety, depression, and anxious attachment in college students. Ninety-three male and 161 female undergraduate students at Fairfield University, ranging in age from 17 to 23, with a mean age of 18.8 years, participated. Participants completed five self-report inventories: The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). IPV perpetration in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and trait anxiety. IPV victimization in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, childhood emotional and physical neglect, and an anxious attachment style. IPV perpetration and victimization were also significantly correlated with one another. Subscale analyses suggest that childhood emotional abuse was related to being both the perpetrator and victim of verbal or emotional abuse in dating relationships. Childhood physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were related to both perpetration and victimization of physical IPV. Threatening behavior perpetration in dating relationships was related to childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect; however, being the victim of threatening behavior was only related to childhood emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, not childhood physical abuse. These results support the relationship between childhood trauma and dating violence in college students. They also support a role for anxiety in IPV, although trait anxiety was related to perpetration and an anxious attachment style was correlated with IPV victimization. In addition, they suggest that different experiences of childhood trauma may relate to different aspects of IPV in college dating relationships. Request a copy of the full-text here: Childhood Trauma, Trait Anxiety, and Anxious Attachment as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in College Students | Request PDF (researchgate.net) Koshan, J., Mosher, J., & Wiegers, W. (2020). COVID-19, the shadow pandemic, and access to justice for survivors of domestic violence. Osgood Hall Law Journal, Osgood Legal Studies Research Paper.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has co-existed alongside a far less visible “shadow pandemic” of violence against women, with COVID-19 impacting the number and complexity of domestic violence cases and enabling new tactics for coercive control. This article provides a preliminary assessment of the extent to which Canada’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have prioritized the safety of women and children, with a focus on the courts and women’s access to justice. We examine court directives and judicial decisions triaging which cases would be heard as “urgent,” as well as courts’ decisions on the merits in cases involving domestic violence and COVID-19, spanning the areas of family, child welfare, criminal law, and civil protection orders. In the sixty-seven reported decisions in our sample, we find very little awareness overall of the heightened risks for survivors during COVID-19, in keeping with the pre-pandemic tendency of decision makers to focus on incident-based physical violence instead of patterns of coercive control. Our analysis also suggests that survivors’ ability to prove domestic violence and secure court orders that would help to ensure their safety was hampered not only by procedural complexity but also by the reduced availability of a range of services—health, counselling, housing, and supervised access centres, for example— as a result of COVID-19. The cases further reveal significant differences in judicial interpretation of the risks of COVID-19 relative to the risks of domestic violence, often depending on the area of law in question. This again aligns with observations of the judicial treatment of domestic violence prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, with different and sometimes conflicting norms and assumptions prevailing in different legal contexts. We conclude that despite some positive government responses and judicial decisions, COVID-19 has further exposed many of the gaps in knowledge about domestic violence and in the supports and resources necessary to make women and children safe that long pre-dated COVID19. In addressing the ongoing pandemic of violence against women, we offer some suggestions of measures to improve access to justice during this and future disasters. Obtain the full report here: COVID-19, the Shadow Pandemic, and Access to Justice for Survivors of Domestic Violence by Jennifer Koshan, Janet Eaton Mosher, Wanda Anne Wiegers :: SSRN Trudell, A.L. & Whitmore, E. (2020). Pandemic meets Pandemic: Understanding the Impacts of COVID19 on Gender-Based Violence Services and Survivors in Canada. Ottawa & London, ON: Ending Violence Association of Canada & Anova.
From the Executive Summary: Understanding the Impacts of COVID-19 on Gender-Based Violence Service Provision is a national survey that was developed collaboratively by the Ending Violence Association of Canada and Anova. The purpose of the survey was to learn about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from service providers and advocates who are working with survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) and/or delivering GBV-focused services across Canada. From May 18 to July 20, 2020, 376 staff and volunteers in the GBV sector responded to this survey. They spoke about: • concerns and challenges facing GBV workers and organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic • procedural and policy shifts that were necessary in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the efficacy of these shifts • impacts on survivors as understood by those who are actively supporting survivors • current and anticipated needs for GBV service provision Read the full report here: endingviolencecanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/FINAL.pdf Jaffe, P. (2014). A presumption against shared parenting for family court litigants. Family Court Review, 52(2), 187-192. Abstract Shared parenting is the most beneficial model for planning the future of many separating parents and their children. Shared parenting needs to be crafted, for appropriate cases, by willing parents on their own or through coaching by responsible lawyers, counsellors, or mediators. Shared parenting is not an outcome that should be forced on high‐conflict parents against their will as a compromise in the hopes that they will grow into the plan. Separating parents with a history of domestic violence need to receive appropriate screening and assessment on the nature of the violence, the impact of the violence on the adult victim and children, and the interventions required by the perpetrator before a safe parenting plan can be designed. The Think Tank Report on shared parenting is to be commended for its work. The Report acknowledges some of the limitations of shared parenting in situations that pose risks to children and/or inadvertently promote ongoing conflicts between parents. My concern is that domestic violence victims will be forced into shared parenting or fear being labelled as “hostile” and “unfriendly parents” or accused of alienation. There continues to be a need for much more professional education on the ongoing risks of domestic violence and the implications for differentiated parenting plans. Request a copy of the article here: A Presumption Against Shared Parenting for Family Court Litigants (researchgate.net) Tubbs, C. (2010). African American women's perspectives of shared parenting after dissolution of a violent relationship. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 22, 130-152. DOI: 10.1080/08952831003787875
Abstract This study examined the perspectives of women who engaged in shared parenting with an estranged partner after dissolution of a violent relationship. Focus group data from five African American women were analyzed using content analysis. Findings indicated that new types of awareness emerged over time consistent with transitions in personal narratives, roles, and systemic changes. Notable shifts in participants’ perceptions of the role that violence played in their lives occurred as children matured. Implications of these shifts on the conceptualization of shared parenting interventions are examined. Request a copy of the article here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244886660_African_American_Women%27s_Perspectives_of_Shared_Parenting_After_Dissolution_of_a_Violent_Relationshipwww.researchgate.net/publication/244886660_African_American_Women%27s_Perspectives_of_Shared_Parenting_After_Dissolution_of_a_Violent_Relationship Bruckert, C., & Law, T. (2018). University of Toronto Press
From the introduction: This book endeavours to develop a more holistic understanding of gendered violence by elaborating on the connections between the violence women experience and the historical, social, discursive, and legal contexts in which it unfolds. To that end, an intersectional and interdisciplinary approach employing concepts from diverse theoretical traditions and drawing on a range of disciplines, including criminology, history, sociology, political science, legal studies, economics, critical race studies, and, of course, gender studies, is used. Order a copy of the book here: https://utorontopress.com/ca/women-and-gendered-violence-in-canada-2#:~:text=Women%20and%20Gendered%20Violence%20in%20Canada%3A%20An%20Intersectional,an%20issue%20of%20interpersonal%20violence%20perpetuated%20by%20men. Ahlfs-Dunn, S. M., & Huth-Bocks, A. C. (2014). Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(4), 322-335.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on infant regulatory difficulties at 3 months of age and infant socioemotional problems at 12 months of age. Maternal trauma symptoms were explored as potential moderators of these associations. Participants included 120 primarily low-income, ethnically diverse women and their infants. Results revealed that infants whose mothers experienced IPV during pregnancy did not have significantly more regulatory difficulties at 3 months than did infants whose mothers did not experience prenatal IPV. However, infants whose mothers experienced IPV during the first year after birth displayed significantly more socioemotional problems at 12 months, as evidenced by both maternal report and observational data. Furthermore, maternal posttraumatic stress avoidance symptoms served as a moderator of the association between prenatal IPV and infant regulatory difficulties at 3 months whereas maternal posttraumatic stress hyperarousal and reexperiencing symptoms served as moderators of the association between IPV during the first year after birth and infant socioemotional problems at 12 months. The findings highlight the detrimental impact that IPV can have on very young children and the importance of maternal trauma symptoms as a context for understanding the effect of IPV on young children’s functioning. Request the full text here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263808148_Intimate_partner_violence_and_infant_socioemotional_development_The_moderating_effects_of_maternal_trauma_symptomswww.researchgate.net/publication/263808148_Intimate_partner_violence_and_infant_socioemotional_development_The_moderating_effects_of_maternal_trauma_symptoms |
Archives
May 2022
|